Ginsenoside Re protects methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice via upregulation of dynorphin-mediated κ-opioid receptor and downregulation of substance P-mediated neurokinin 1 receptor

Journal of Neuroinflammation
Duy-Khanh DangHyoung-Chun Kim

Abstract

We previously reported that ginsenoside Re (GRe) attenuated against methamphetamine (MA)-induced neurotoxicity via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. We also demonstrated that dynorphin possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials against dopaminergic loss, and that balance between dynorphin and substance P is important for dopaminergic neuroprotection. Thus, we examined whether GRe positively affects interactive modulation between dynorphin and substance P against MA neurotoxicity in mice. We examined changes in dynorphin peptide level, prodynorphin mRNA, and substance P mRNA, substance P-immunoreactivity, homeostasis in enzymatic antioxidant system, oxidative parameter, microglial activation, and pro-apoptotic parameter after a neurotoxic dose of MA to clarify the effects of GRe, prodynorphin knockout, pharmacological inhibition of κ-opioid receptor (i.e., nor-binaltorphimine), or neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor (i.e., L-733,060) against MA insult in mice. GRe attenuated MA-induced decreases in dynorphin level, prodynorphin mRNA expression in the striatum of wild-type (WT) mice. Prodynorphin knockout potentiated MA-induced dopaminergic toxicity in mice. The imbalance of enzymatic antioxidant system, oxidative...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 8, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Gyeong Hee LeeHan Geuk Seo
Nov 25, 2019·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Hai-Quyen TranHyoung-Chun Kim
Jun 24, 2020·Peptides·Richard J Bodnar
Jun 4, 2021·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Naveen SharmaHyoung-Chun Kim
Jan 16, 2019·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Nan ZhaoXiaozhe Zhang
Jul 22, 2021·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Eun-Joo ShinHyoung-Chun Kim

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
protein assay
ELISA

Software Mentioned

ImageJ
PhotoCapt MW
Adobe Photoshop CS3

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