Ginsenoside Rg3 protects against iE-DAP-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis

Journal of Ginseng Research
Aram LeeJongmin Kim

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP-in...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 20, 2021·Pharmacological Reports : PR·Zengping KangDuanyong Liu
Dec 30, 2020·Biomedicines·Eunsik YunAram Lee
Feb 13, 2021·Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology·Tae-Jun KimDo-Yeon Kim
May 9, 2021·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Guang-Xuan ZhuShu-Qing Li

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein assay
electrophoresis
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
nuclear translocation

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
TargetScan

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