Glial modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus

Glia
A Volterra, Christian Steinhäuser

Abstract

For many years, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were considered the inert partners of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), but several recent studies have dramatically challenged this view. Glial cells express a large number of different voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels (Verkhratsky and Steinhäuser. Brain Res Rev 32:380-412, 2000) as well as G-protein-coupled receptors (Verkhratsky et al. Physiol Rev 78:99-141, 1998)-machinery necessary to sense and respond to neuronal activity. These findings raised the fundamental question as to whether glial receptors are stimulated under physiological conditions, and what sorts of events are triggered by such activation. During the early 1990s, P. Haydon and colleagues made the seminal observation that [Ca(2+)](i) rises in cultured astrocytes are associated with the release of glutamate, which suggested that astrocytes respond to activation and play active modulatory roles in intercellular communication (Parpura et al. Nature 369:744-747, 1994). Subsequent studies performed in situ confirmed and extended this initial observation. In this review, we will focus specifically on the hippocampus and sum up evidence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons emerg...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 21, 2005·Acta Neuropathologica·Michelle HildebrandtIngmar Blümcke
Sep 22, 2011·Biological cybernetics·Mahmood AmiriFariba Bahrami
Nov 20, 2008·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Jiqing Xu, Tsuneya Ikezu
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May 21, 2013·Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society·Mahmood AmiriFariba Bahrami
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Mar 2, 2012·Glia·Devin K BinderOle Petter Ottersen

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