Glucagon-like peptide 1 based therapy for type 2 diabetes.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP
Bao-Sheng Yu, An-Ru Wang

Abstract

Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in young people in recent years and new therapies are required for its effective treatment. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a potent blood glucose-lowering hormone produced in the L cells of the intestine. It may be potentially effective in the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM. PubMed database were searched with the terms "GLP-1", "incretins" and "diabetes". GLP-1 is a product of the glucagon gene, and its secretion is controlled by both neural and endocrine signals. GLP-1 lowers plasma glucose by stimulating insulin and suppressing secretion of glucagons, thus inhibiting gastric emptying and reducing appetite. GLP-1 exerts these actions by the engagement of structurally distinct G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In patients with T2DM, GLP-1 increases insulin secretion and normalizes both fasting and postprandial blood glucose when given as a continuous intravenous infusion. However, the native hormone is unsuitable as a drug because it is broken down rapidly by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and cleared by the kidneys. Fortunately, many GLP-1 agonists or analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors have been found or developed, such as exendin-4, exenatide, li...Continue Reading

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