Glucocorticoid actions on synapses, circuits, and behavior: implications for the energetics of stress

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Brent MyersJames P Herman

Abstract

Environmental stimuli that signal real or potential threats to homeostasis lead to glucocorticoid secretion by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Glucocorticoids promote energy redistribution and are critical for survival and adaptation. This adaptation requires the integration of multiple systems and engages key limbic-neuroendocrine circuits. Consequently, glucocorticoids have profound effects on synaptic physiology, circuit regulation of stress responsiveness, and, ultimately, behavior. While glucocorticoids initiate adaptive processes that generate energy for coping, prolonged or inappropriate glucocorticoid secretion becomes deleterious. Inappropriate processing of stressful information may lead to energetic drive that does not match environmental demand, resulting in risk factors for pathology. Thus, dysregulation of the HPA axis may promote stress-related illnesses (e.g. depression, PTSD). This review summarizes the latest developments in central glucocorticoid actions on synaptic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral regulation. Additionally, these findings will be discussed in terms of the energetic integration of stress and the importance of context-specific regulation of glucocorticoids.

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Citations

Mar 25, 2014·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Tracy L Bale
Jan 3, 2016·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Ewa Badowska-SzalewskaJanusz Moryś
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Sep 24, 2015·Molecular Psychiatry·M A Landek-SalgadoA Sawa
Oct 8, 2015·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Brent MyersJames P Herman
Sep 17, 2015·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Tasha BarrIlhem Messaoudi
Oct 4, 2015·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Yukiko KikuchiKataaki Okubo
Apr 9, 2016·Neural Plasticity·Laura Musazzi, Jordan Marrocco
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