Glucose production in the human placenta

Placenta
J LeonceD G Johnston

Abstract

Glucose transfer from mother to fetus by placental facilitated diffusion is the dominant mechanism by which the fetus acquires glucose. In small for gestational age pregnancies, fetal glucose concentrations tend to be lower than normal and this persists following delivery. GLUT1 is the major glucose transporter in human placenta but there is no evidence of GLUT1 deficiency as a cause of the lower fetal glucose concentration in small for gestational age pregnancy. The physiological and pathological roles of the other glucose transporters (and there are 14 currently described) are unknown. In recent years, the possibility has been raised that the placenta is itself capable of supplying glucose for fetal needs. This hypothesis derived from glucose isotope studies in normal pregnancy, where dilution of glucose isotope was demonstrated in blood samples taken from the fetal circulation during intravenous infusion of glucose isotope in the mother. Although other gluconeogenic enzymes were known to be present, the placenta was previously considered incapable of glucose secretion because it lacked functional glucose-6-phosphatase. Recent studies, however, have suggested that specific glucose-6-phosphatase may be present in placenta but ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 15, 2011·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Sophia OuhilalMaureen J Charron
Nov 19, 2010·Endocrinology·Andrew W NorrisLaura L B Ponto
Feb 19, 2013·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Elvira LarquéBerthold Koletzko
Jun 11, 2009·Health Physics·Paolo Zanotti-FregonaraElif Hindié
Jul 22, 2010·Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism : TEM·Vivek ShenoyRaghu Kalluri
Dec 17, 2009·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Efrath Barta, Arieh Drugan
Nov 26, 2009·Pediatric Clinics of North America·Malika D Shah, Shilpa R Shah
Jul 6, 2006·Placenta·V BährS Diederich
Sep 15, 2016·Journal of Diabetes·Dukhabandhu NaikNihal Thomas
Oct 20, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Trond M MichelsenTore Henriksen
Nov 22, 2007·The Journal of Nutrition·Marie E Vahter
Oct 22, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Caitlyn E BowmanMichael J Wolfgang

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