Glucose Transporters at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Function, Regulation and Gateways for Drug Delivery

Molecular Neurobiology
Simon G Patching

Abstract

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) at the blood-brain barrier maintain the continuous high glucose and energy demands of the brain. They also act as therapeutic targets and provide routes of entry for drug delivery to the brain and central nervous system for treatment of neurological and neurovascular conditions and brain tumours. This article first describes the distribution, function and regulation of glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier, the major ones being the sodium-independent facilitative transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. Other GLUTs and sodium-dependent transporters (SGLTs) have also been identified at lower levels and under various physiological conditions. It then considers the effects on glucose transporter expression and distribution of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia associated with diabetes and oxygen/glucose deprivation associated with cerebral ischemia. A reduction in glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier that occurs before the onset of the main pathophysiological changes and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is a potential causative effect in the vascular hypothesis of the disease. Mutations in glucose transporters, notably those identified in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, and some recreational drug compo...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1979·Physiological Reviews·H Lund-Andersen
Jan 15, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D Z GerhartL R Drewes
Feb 1, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R GruetterW V Tamborlane
May 1, 1991·Annals of Neurology·S I Harik, J C LaManna
Mar 1, 1991·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·W J JagustT F Budinger
Jul 1, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C L Farrell, W M Pardridge
Jan 1, 1989·Methods in Enzymology·S A Baldwin, G E Lienhard
Apr 1, 1989·Journal of Neuroscience Research·D Z GerhartL R Drewes
Nov 28, 1989·Biochemistry·G W Gould, G E Lienhard
Aug 1, 1986·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M J BirnbaumO M Rosen
May 28, 1986·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·A G Lowe, A R Walmsley
Sep 6, 1985·Science·M MuecklerH F Lodish
Nov 1, 1984·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A P DickD M Walker
Oct 1, 1983·Physiological Reviews·W M Pardridge
Jan 1, 1980·Current Topics in Cellular Regulation·J E Wilson
Dec 1, 1982·The Review of Scientific Instruments·S R BussolariM A Gimbrone
Dec 8, 1995·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·G YouM A Hediger
Jun 1, 1995·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·K M McGowanP H Pekala
Oct 1, 1994·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·F MaherI A Simpson
Jul 19, 1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R PoltV J Hruby
Feb 28, 1994·Brain Research·C LeloupL Pénicaud
Jan 1, 1994·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·E M CornfordB E Swartz
Jul 1, 1993·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·G S Meneilly, A Hill
Jan 1, 1996·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·A L McCallN Lessov
Jan 1, 1996·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·S J VannucciR C Vannucci

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 24, 2016·Surgical Neurology International·Hakeem J ShakirRenée M Reynolds
May 10, 2016·Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics·Massoud SaidijamSimon G Patching
Dec 14, 2017·Scientific Reports·Michael GejlAlbert Gjedde
Jun 9, 2018·The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine : Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy·Liza Maniquis-SmigelDavid Rabago
Aug 18, 2018·Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology·Qianwen Wang, Zhong Zuo
Jun 12, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Suliman AlmahmoudHaizhen A Zhong
Jul 3, 2019·Nutrients·Bogdan Nicolae ManolescuIleana C Farcasanu
Feb 23, 2020·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine·Ekaterina ZezinaNadine Biesemann
Mar 3, 2020·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Susana BarrosTeresa Neuparth
Dec 4, 2019·Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology·Morteza RabieiSteven J P McInnes
Aug 14, 2020·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Hermann Koepsell
Aug 20, 2020·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Jiayi ZhuBo Hu
Mar 28, 2017·Neurochemical Research·Wiebke RastedtRalf Dringen
Apr 6, 2017·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Alejandra Freire-RegatilloJulie A Chowen
May 22, 2018·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Zhiyou CaiQin Li
Apr 9, 2019·International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology·Lulu ManaPengwen Wang
May 28, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Martin H LundqvistJan W Eriksson
Jun 28, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Rana Abdul RazzakFrank J Gunn-Moore
Sep 24, 2020·Brain Sciences·Germán Fernando Gutiérrez AguilarPenélope Aguilera
Oct 21, 2018·Fluids and Barriers of the CNS·Stephen B Hladky, Margery A Barrand
May 10, 2017·Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems·Massoud SaidijamSimon G Patching
Apr 17, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Michelle A Erickson, William A Banks
Nov 14, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Nandhini RajagopalShikha Nangia
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Alexander H BellAtul Malhotra
Sep 10, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Paola GiuntiMarina Frontali
Dec 1, 2018·Nano Convergence·You Jung KangHansang Cho

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
X-ray
imaging techniques

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.

Blood Brain Barrier Regulation in Health & Disease

The blood brain barrier is essential in regulating the movement of molecules and substances in and out of the brain. Disruption to the blood brain barrier and changes in permeability allow pathogens and inflammatory molecules to cross the barrier and may play a part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Here is the latest research in this field.

Blood-Brain Barrier Transport in Neurodegeneration

The blood brain barrier is important for regulating the movement of biomolecules in and out of the brain. For example, membrane transporters in the blood brain barrier can be essential for regulating drug movement and dysregulation of these processes may play a role in neurodegeneration. This feed follows the latest research on this topic.

Brain Ischemia

Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. Discover the latest research on brain ischemia here.