Glutamate is a cotransmitter in ventral midbrain dopamine neurons

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Stephen Rayport

Abstract

Interactions between apparently separate dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways figure prominently in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. So it is surprising that the ventral midbrain dopamine neurons, which give rise to the dopaminergic pathway, may themselves also be glutamatergic. We have addressed this idea in both rat and monkey brain and found that most ventral midbrain dopamine neurons exhibit glutamate immunoreactivity. We used postnatal cell culture to examine ventral midbrain dopamine neurons more closely. In vitro most dopamine neurons exhibit glutamate immunoreactivity, as well as immunoreactivity for phosphate-activated glutaminase, the enzyme principally responsible for the synthesis of neurotransmitter glutamate; inhibition of glutaminase reduces glutamate staining. In single cell microcultures, dopamine neurons make both dopaminergic and glutamatergic synaptic varicosities. Stimulation of individual dopamine neurons evokes a fast excitatory synaptic response mediated by glutamate; it also evokes dopamine release that inhibits the excitatory response via presynaptic D2 receptors. Thus, dopamine neurons appear to exert rapid synaptic actions via their glutamatergic synapses and slower modulatory actions v...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2003·Neuroscience Research·Keiko ShimizuHiroshi Shiono
Jul 6, 2012·Molecular Neurobiology·Andrea de Bartolomeis, Carmine Tomasetti
Jan 15, 2016·Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy·David J BarkerMarisela Morales
Apr 26, 2012·Progress in Neurobiology·Cynthia SámanoMiguel Angel Morales
Sep 4, 2015·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Fernando CaravaggioAriel Graff-Guerrero
Jan 24, 2007·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Tsuyoshi YamaguchiMarisela Morales
Jun 22, 2013·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Erwan BézardJosé A Obeso
Sep 6, 2014·Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience : the Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Jungmin Woo, Hyo-Deog Rim
Aug 6, 2013·Medical Hypotheses·Douglas Lovern, Beth Marbois

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