Glutamate Racemase Mutants of Bacillus anthracis

Journal of Bacteriology
So-Young OhOlaf Schneewind

Abstract

D-Glutamate is an essential component of bacterial peptidoglycan and a building block of the poly-γ-D-glutamic acid (PDGA) capsule of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Earlier work suggested that two glutamate racemases, encoded by racE1 and racE2, are each essential for growth of B. anthracis, supplying D-glutamic acid for the synthesis of peptidoglycan and PDGA capsule. Earlier work could not explain, however, why two enzymes that catalyze the same reaction may be needed for bacterial growth. Here, we report that deletion of racE1 or racE2 did not prevent growth of B. anthracis Sterne (pXO1(+) pXO2(-)), the noncapsulating vaccine strain, or of B. anthracis Ames (pXO1(+) pXO2(+)), a fully virulent, capsulating isolate. While mutants with deletions in racE1 and racE2 were not viable, racE2 deletion delayed vegetative growth of B. anthracis following spore germination and caused aberrant cell shapes, phenotypes that were partially restored by exogenous D-glutamate. Deletion of racE1 or racE2 from B. anthracis Ames did not affect the production or stereochemical composition of the PDGA capsule. A model is presented whereby B. anthracis, similar to Bacillus subtilis, utilizes two functionally redundant racemase e...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 2015·Environmental Microbiology·Sara B Hernández, Felipe Cava
May 27, 2017·Nature Communications·Maria P CabralGermán Bou
Jun 18, 2017·Annual Review of Microbiology·Dominique Missiakas, Olaf Schneewind
Dec 10, 2019·Biotechnology and Bioengineering·Zhenpeng LiFang Bai
Jan 15, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Tanya M JelacicArthur M Friedlander
Mar 19, 2020·Molecular Microbiology·Francisco García-Del Portillo
May 16, 2019·Organic Letters·Yasushi OgasawaraTohru Dairi

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