Glutamatergic plasticity and alcohol dependence-induced alterations in reward, affect and cognition

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Elizabeth J BurnettHeather Trantham-Davidson

Abstract

Alcohol dependence is characterized by a reduction in reward threshold, development of a negative affective state, and significant cognitive impairments. Dependence-induced glutamatergic neuroadaptations in the neurocircuitry mediating reward, affect and cognitive function are thought to underlie the neural mechanism for these alterations. These changes serve to promote increased craving for alcohol and facilitate the development of maladaptive behaviors that promote relapse to alcohol drinking during periods of abstinence. To review the extant literature on the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on glutamatergic neurotransmission and its impact on reward, affect and cognition. Evidence from a diverse set of studies demonstrates significant enhancement of glutamatergic activity following chronic alcohol exposure. In particular, up-regulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor expression and function is a commonly observed phenomenon that likely reflects activity-dependent adaptive homeostatic plasticity. However, this observation as well as other glutamatergic neuroadaptations are often circuit and cell-type specific. Dependence-induced alterations in glutamate signaling contribute to many of the symptoms experienced in addict...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 5, 2018·Brain Sciences·Sean M MolnarKsenija Marinkovic
Dec 19, 2017·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Valentina CastelliCarla Cannizzaro
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Dec 11, 2020·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Mizue IchinoseHirooki Yabe
Mar 12, 2021·Journal of Neurochemistry·Esi DomiEric Augier

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