PMID: 20650101Aug 1, 1995Paper

Glutamine synthetase activity as a marker of toxicity in cultures of embryonic chick brain and retina cells

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
C A Reinhardt, C H Schein

Abstract

With the goal of developing a fast and sensitive primary cell culture assay for the determination of neurotoxic potential of compounds, the effect of various toxins on the morphology, cell number (estimated as total cell protein), and glutamine synthetase activity of chick embryonic neural cells has been tested. Isolated retina or brain cells, grown as reaggregates in suspension cultures or as monolayers in 24-well plates, were treated with the substances from day 2 to day 6 after the start of culture. Concentrations causing 50% reduction in protein content in brain cell monolayers were as follows: MeHgCl (0.8 mum), CdCl(2) (1 mum), 3-acetyl pyridine (0.1 mm), penicillin (above 0.1 mm), diazepam (0.25 mm), acrylamide (0.3 mm), 2,4,5-T (0.8 mm), lindane (1 mm). In general, retina cells were more sensitive than brain cells. The reaggregate cultures were less sensitive to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) and cadmium than monolayer cultures, which may be attributable to their metabolic stability or to diffusional limitations. Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, measured as glutamate production from glutamine, was a more sensitive indicator of toxicity than total protein. Retinal cells grown as reaggregates or monolayer cult...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1990·Journal of Neuroimmunology·W CammerC F Brosnan
Jun 15, 1991·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·G P DastonJ E Yonker
Sep 1, 1990·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·B Meldrum, J Garthwaite
Oct 15, 1988·Experientia·P Honegger, P Werffeli
Dec 1, 1985·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·J M WehnerC Murphy
Feb 1, 1993·Journal of Neuroscience Research·W HamelK Nikolics
Aug 1, 1994·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·B J BlaauboerE Walum
Jan 1, 1991·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·G G Wyle-Gyurech, C A Reinhardt
Jul 1, 1993·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·F Monnet-TschudiP Honegger
Sep 1, 1993·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·C K AtterwillS Williams
Jan 1, 1951·Journal of Morphology·V HAMBURGER, H L HAMILTON

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.