Glutathione reductase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, and lipid peroxidation in freshwater bivalves, Unio tumidus, as biomarkers of aquatic contamination in field studies

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
C CossuP Vasseur

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of antioxidant parameters in the freshwater bivalve, Unio tumidus, as biomarkers of exposure to pollutants and to study their potential interest in predicting toxicity. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (non-Se-GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels; and lipid peroxidation were measured in the gills and digestive glands of Unio. Control mussels were encaged and transplanted for 15 and 30 days to sites where the contamination of sediments was analyzed, along a river receiving domestic and industrial sources of pollution. After 15 days of exposure, all antioxidant parameters of the bivalves transferred to the most polluted sites had strongly decreased compared with control values. This was particularly true for Se-GPx and GRd activities, which were inhibited by 60 and 80% in the two tissues, and for GSH levels (80% reduction in the gills and 60% in digestive glands). These decreases were associated in the gills with lipid peroxidation (measured by malondialdehyde content) and with a high level of contamination of s...Continue Reading

Citations

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