Glycated hemoglobin and its spinoffs: Cardiovascular disease markers or risk factors?

World Journal of Cardiology
Jumana Saleh

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a major complication of diabetes, increasing the risk of cardiovascular related morbidities and mortalities. The hallmark of diabetes is hyperglycemia which duration is best predicted by elevated glycated haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. Diabetic complications are usually attributed to oxidative stress associated with glycation of major structural and functional proteins. This non-enzymatic glycation of long lived proteins such as collagen, albumin, fibrinogen, liver enzymes and globulins result in the formation of early and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) associated with the production of myriads of free radicles and oxidants that have detrimental effects leading to diabetic complications. AGEs have been extensively discussed in the literature as etiological factors in the advancement of atherogenic events. Mechanisms described include the effects of glycation on protein structure and function that lead to defective receptor binding, impairment of immune system and enzyme function and alteration of basement membrane structural integrity. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a major circulating protein susceptible to glycation. Glycated Hb, namely HbA1C is used as a useful tool in the diagnosis of diabetes progression. M...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 11, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Pilar SanchisLuis Masmiquel
Jun 26, 2020·Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics·Pouya SalahiMasoud Alirezaei
Feb 9, 2021·Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders·Pouya SalahiMasoud Alirezaei
Feb 11, 2021·Antioxidants·Olga V KosmachevskayaAlexey F Topunov
Feb 27, 2021·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Ioanna MarkakiUNKNOWN BioPark Study Group
May 11, 2021·European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery·Salil DeoBrian Cmolik
May 16, 2020·Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome·Ajay PatelIshwarlal Jialal

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