Glycine Betaine Accumulation, Significance and Interests for Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants

Plants
Shafaqat AliDimitris Kalderis

Abstract

Unexpected biomagnifications and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the surrounding environment has become a predicament for all living organisms together with plants. Excessive release of HMs from industrial discharge and other anthropogenic activities has threatened sustainable agricultural practices and limited the overall profitable yield of different plants species. Heavy metals at toxic levels interact with cellular molecules, leading towards the unnecessary generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), restricting productivity and growth of the plants. The application of various osmoprotectants is a renowned approach to mitigate the harmful effects of HMs on plants. In this review, the effective role of glycine betaine (GB) in alleviation of HM stress is summarized. Glycine betaine is very important osmoregulator, and its level varies considerably among different plants. Application of GB on plants under HMs stress successfully improves growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, nutrients uptake, and minimizes excessive heavy metal uptake and oxidative stress. Moreover, GB activates the adjustment of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in plants under HM stress...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 8, 2021·Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine·Amir NobaharMaria Clara Costa
Oct 3, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Kaouthar FekiFaiçal Brini

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stresses
transgenic
MDA
environmental stress

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