PMID: 8584480Oct 1, 1995Paper

Glycine crystallization during freezing: the effects of salt form, pH, and ionic strength

Pharmaceutical Research
M J AkersS L Nail

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to characterize glycine crystallization during freezing of aqueous solutions as a function of the glycine salt form (i.e., neutral glycine, glycine hydrochloride, and sodium glycinate), pH, and ionic strength. Crystallization was studied by thermal analysis, microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and pulsed Fourier transform nmr spectroscopy. A solution of neutral glycine with no additives undergoes rapid secondary crystallization during freezing, forming the beta polymorph, with a eutectic melting temperature of -3.4 degrees C. Glycine hydrochloride solutions undergo secondary crystallization relatively slowly, and the eutectic melting temperature is -28 degrees C. Sodium glycinate crystallizes from frozen solution at an intermediate rate, forming a eutectic mixture with a melting temperature of -17.8 degrees C. Where secondary crystallization does not occur rapidly, a complex glass transition is observed in the -70 degrees to -85 degrees C temperature range in the DSC thermograms of all systems studied. Rates of secondary crystallization and the type of crystal formed are influenced by solution pH relative the the pKs of glycine, and also by the change in ionic strength caused by adjustment of pH. Increase...Continue Reading

Citations

May 8, 2015·Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Kahori FujiiKatsuhide Terada
Dec 3, 1998·Pharmaceutical Development and Technology·R K Cavatur, R Suryanarayanan
Jun 18, 2002·Pharmaceutical Development and Technology·Kenneth C WatermanHai Wang
Apr 25, 2014·Pharmaceutical Research·Heleen KraanJean-Pierre Amorij
Jan 1, 2018·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Krishna N KumarKausik Sarkar
Oct 27, 2007·Pharmaceutical Development and Technology·Bakul S BhatnagarMichael J Pikal
Aug 18, 2012·The Journal of Chemical Physics·N V SurovtsevE V Boldyreva
Jan 25, 2007·Pharmaceutical Research·Dushyant B VarshneyRaj Suryanarayanan
Jan 6, 2009·Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Ken-ichi IzutsuKatsuhide Terada
Aug 24, 2006·Pharmaceutical Research·Dushyant B VarshneyRaj Suryanarayanan
Dec 31, 1997·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·T W Randolph
Jan 24, 2006·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Fei TianJ Howard Rytting
Dec 5, 2006·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Fei TianJ Howard Rytting

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