Glycosylation in the Thyroid Gland: Vital Aspects of Glycoprotein Function in Thyrocyte Physiology and Thyroid Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Marta ZąbczyńskaEwa Pocheć

Abstract

The key proteins responsible for hormone synthesis in the thyroid are glycosylated. Oligosaccharides strongly affect the function of glycosylated proteins. Both thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the pituitary gland and TSH receptors on the surface of thyrocytes contain N-glycans, which are crucial to their proper activity. Thyroglobulin (Tg), the protein backbone for synthesis of thyroid hormones, is a heavily N-glycosylated protein, containing 20 putative N-glycosylated sites. N-oligosaccharides play a role in Tg transport into the follicular lumen, where thyroid hormones are produced, and into thyrocytes, where hyposialylated Tg is degraded. N-glycans of the cell membrane transporters sodium/iodide symporter and pendrin are necessary for iodide transport. Some changes in glycosylation result in abnormal activity of the thyroid and alteration of the metabolic clearance rate of hormones. Alteration of glycan structures is a pathological process related to the progression of chronic diseases such as thyroid cancers and autoimmunity. Thyroid carcinogenesis is accompanied by changes in sialylation and fucosylation, β1,6-branching of glycans, the content and structure of poly-LacNAc chains, as well as O-GlcNAcylation, w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 2, 2019·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Antonela MatanaTatijana Zemunik
Jan 11, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Purdey J CampbellJohn P Walsh
Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Oncology·Liyuan JiaJihong Cui
Jun 16, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Daniela Grimm
Jul 3, 2020·International Journal of Endocrinology·Laura Pérez-Campos MayoralEduardo Pérez-Campos
Oct 2, 2021·BMC Bioinformatics·Giuseppe Agapito, Mario Cannataro

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
protein folding
xenograft
biopsies
PCR
as
ELISA
transgenic

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