Glycyrrhizin Protects Mice Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Expression and Neuronal HMGB1 Release

Frontiers in Immunology
Yan SunF Zheng

Abstract

The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human multiple sclerosis (MS) and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Glycyrrhizin (GL), a glycoconjugated triterpene extracted from licorice root, has the ability to inhibit the functions of HMGB1; however, GL's function against EAE has not been thoroughly characterized to date. To determine the benefit of GL as a modulator of neuroinflammation, we used an in vivo study to examine GL's effect on EAE along with primary cultured cortical neurons to study the GL effect on HMGB1 release. Treatment of EAE mice with GL from onset to the peak stage of disease resulted in marked attenuation of EAE severity, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-beta 1, and increased IL-4 both in serum and spinal cord homogenate. Moreover, HMGB1 levels in different body fluids were reduced, accompanied by a decrease in neuronal damage, activated astrocytes and microglia, as well as HMGB1-positive astrocytes and microglia. GL significantly reversed HMGB1 release into the medium induced by TNF-α stimulation in prima...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 6, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Carolina M GorgulhoMichael T Lotze
May 3, 2019·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Soo Jeong KimGi Ryang Kweon
Oct 28, 2020·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Jiaming XueHaining Yang
Dec 17, 2020·Cells·Masahiro NishiboriHidenori Wake
Dec 22, 2020·Journal of Immunology Research·Lili JiangXiaohua Wang
Apr 20, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Yifan XiaoFang Zheng
Jan 24, 2020·ACS Chemical Neuroscience·Yam Nath PaudelMohd Farooq Shaikh
Jul 31, 2020·Current Drug Targets·Shu WangTianfu Li

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
ELISA
confocal microscopy
acetylation

Software Mentioned

Pro Plus
GraphPad Prism
Image
GraphPad

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