Glyphosate's Synergistic Toxicity in Combination with Other Factors as a Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Sarath GunatilakeLaura Orlando

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a global epidemic. Sri Lanka has experienced a doubling of the disease every 4 or 5 years since it was first identified in the North Central province in the mid-1990s. The disease primarily affects people in agricultural regions who are missing the commonly known risk factors for CKD. Sri Lanka is not alone: health workers have reported prevalence of CKDu in Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. A global search for the cause of CKDu has not identified a single factor, but rather many factors that may contribute to the etiology of the disease. Some of these factors include heat stroke leading to dehydration, toxic metals such as cadmium and arsenic, fluoride, low selenium, toxigenic cyanobacteria, nutritionally deficient diet and mycotoxins from mold exposure. Furthermore, exposure to agrichemicals, particularly glyphosate and paraquat, are likely compounding factors, and may be the primary factors. Here, we argue that glyphosate in particular is working synergistically with most of the other factors to increase toxic effects. We propose, further, that glyphosate causes insidious harm through its action as an amino acid analogue of glycine, ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 14, 2020·Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source·Christopher J Portier
Feb 23, 2021·Toxicology Research·Lécio Leone AlmeidaJoaquim Evêncio Neto
Mar 19, 2021·Safety and Health at Work·Unchisa IntayoungSupakit Khacha-Ananda
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Jose Martin-ReinaIsabel Moreno
Jun 26, 2021·KI Reports·Sameera GunawardenaEranga Wijewickrama
Jul 31, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Oshadi HettithanthriMeththika Vithanage
Nov 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Marianna MarinoAntonietta Santoro

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BETA
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