GNOM-LIKE1/ERMO1 and SEC24a/ERMO2 are required for maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The Plant Cell
Ryohei Thomas NakanoI Hara-Nishimura

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of tubules, sheets, and three-way junctions, resulting in a highly conserved polygonal network in all eukaryotes. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the organization of these structures are obscure. To identify novel factors responsible for ER morphology, we employed a forward genetic approach using a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant (GFP-h) with fluorescently labeled ER. We isolated two mutants with defects in ER morphology and designated them endoplasmic reticulum morphology1 (ermo1) and ermo2. The cells of both mutants developed a number of ER-derived spherical bodies, approximately 1 microm in diameter, in addition to the typical polygonal network of ER. The spherical bodies were distributed throughout the ermo1 cells, while they formed a large aggregate in ermo2 cells. We identified the responsible gene for ermo1 to be GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1) and the gene for ermo2 to be SEC24a. Homologs of both GNL1 and SEC24a are involved in membrane trafficking between the ER and Golgi in yeast and animal cells. Our findings, however, suggest that GNL1/ERMO1 and SEC24a/ERMO2 have a novel function in ER morphology in higher plants.

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Citations

Mar 31, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Haruko UedaIkuko Hara-Nishimura
Jun 28, 2011·Journal of Experimental Botany·Renata CongerFederica Brandizzi
Nov 22, 2011·Plant & Cell Physiology·Kenji YamadaMikio Nishimura
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Jul 19, 2011·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Hong-Yan Yao, Hong-Wei Xue
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Jul 14, 2011·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Raheleh Karimi AshtiyaniAndreas Houben
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Jul 10, 2017·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Federica Brandizzi
Apr 21, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Chin-Min Kimmy HoDominique C Bergmann
Jun 29, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Chieko GotoKentaro Tamura

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