Gradient model describes the spatial-temporal expression pattern of Hoxa genes in the developing vertebrate limb

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
S Papageorgiou, Y Almirantis

Abstract

Pattern formation of the developing vertebrate limb is mainly controlled by the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) which may act as sources of diffusing morphogens. These sources are tightly interconnected and maintained by positive feedback and, together with the established role of Wnt7 a on the dorsal side of the bud, they constitute a cartesian reference frame for the processes of patterning and growth of the limb bud. As an input to our model we have used the local extent and temporal activity of the AER source as it is reflected by Fgf-4 expression in the ridge. We have assumed that this source produces a morphogen which diffuses in the three-dimensional limb field and degradates by first-order kinetics. When in a cell the morphogen concentration exceeds a particular threshold value, a gene is switched on. To every threshold corresponds a specific gene. In the following we introduce an order of increasing concentration thresholds corresponding to the sequence of Hoxa-10, 11, and 13 genes (threshold collinearity). With this simple rule of correspondence we can reproduce both spatial and temporal collinearities of Hoxa gene expression. This outcome may be the first direct observable effe...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 15, 2002·Evolution & Development·Carol PodlasekKevin T McVary
Jan 28, 2004·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Spyros Papageorgiou
Jul 31, 2003·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Keiko Shimizu-NishikawaAkio Nishikawa
Jan 9, 2001·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·N VargessonC Tickle
Nov 28, 2002·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Jeremy Green
Aug 6, 1999·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Y Almirantis, S Papageorgiou
Apr 12, 2003·Developmental Cell·C Tickle

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