Gram-Scale Synthesis and Kinetic Study of Bright Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and Citrus japonica via a Microwave-Assisted Method

ACS Omega
Regina C SoJie He

Abstract

Tracking dynamic cellular processes necessitates fluorescent materials that are photostable, biocompatible, water-soluble, nanosized, and nontoxic. In this study, highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were produced from cheap and readily available sources, citric acid (CA) and Philippine citrus (Citrus japonica Thunb.) or calamansi juice (CJ) via a microwave-assisted method. A number of synthetic conditions were investigated systematically to optimize the preparation of CDs from CA and CJ. The formation mechanism, surface chemistry, and photoluminescence of CA-based CDs (CA-CDs) and CJ-based CDs (CJ-CDs) were evaluated after each stage of pyrolysis in detail using different characterization techniques, such as dynamic light scattering, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, ζ potential, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and absorption/emission spectroscopy. Gram-scale pyrolysis of CA with ethylenediamine (EDA) and CJ with EDA were carried out to provide CA-CDs (CA-18) within 18 min total pyrolysis time at 97% yield and CJ-CDs (CJ-14) within 14 min total pyrolysis time at 7% yield. Aqueous suspensions of CA-18 and CJ-14 CDs gave compar...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 15, 2019·Chemical Record : an Official Publication of the Chemical Society of Japan ... [et Al.]·Jianying WangLei Wang
Feb 20, 2019·Small·Jianjun DuXiaojun Peng
Nov 14, 2019·ACS Omega·Jonathan DanielMichel Vaultier
Aug 28, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Xin ZhangWeijun Kong

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
dynamic light scattering
NMR
dynamic
atomic
X-ray
light scattering
AFM

Software Mentioned

DOSY
OOIBase32

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