Graphene as a tunnel barrier: graphene-based magnetic tunnel junctions

Nano Letters
E CobasB T Jonker

Abstract

Graphene has been widely studied for its high in-plane charge carrier mobility and long spin diffusion lengths. In contrast, the out-of-plane charge and spin transport behavior of this atomically thin material have not been well addressed. We show here that while graphene exhibits metallic conductivity in-plane, it serves effectively as an insulator for transport perpendicular to the plane. We report fabrication of tunnel junctions using single-layer graphene between two ferromagnetic metal layers in a fully scalable photolithographic process. The transport occurs by quantum tunneling perpendicular to the graphene plane and preserves a net spin polarization of the current from the contact so that the structures exhibit tunneling magnetoresistance to 425 K. These results demonstrate that graphene can function as an effective tunnel barrier for both charge and spin-based devices and enable realization of more complex graphene-based devices for highly functional nanoscale circuits, such as tunnel transistors, nonvolatile magnetic memory, and reprogrammable spin logic.

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Citations

Jan 7, 2014·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Feng LiXinyi Guo
Sep 26, 2013·Nano Letters·Jan MertensJeremy J Baumberg
Oct 2, 2012·Nature Nanotechnology·O M J van 't ErveB T Jonker
Feb 13, 2016·Scientific Reports·Muhammad Zahir IqbalShahid Mahmood Ramay
Jul 8, 2015·Nano Letters·Weiyi WangFaxian Xiu
Feb 6, 2014·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Arun Kumar Singh, Jonghwa Eom
Oct 21, 2014·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Calvin Pei Yu WongChristian A Nijhuis
Apr 26, 2017·Nature Materials·Mirko CinchettiLuis E Hueso
Jan 22, 2014·Nature Communications·Adam L FriedmanBerend T Jonker
Jun 29, 2017·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Shweta Meena, Sudhanshu Choudhary
Oct 17, 2017·Nanotechnology·Srikrishna BodepudiSandipan Pramanik
Jun 4, 2016·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Han ZhangJing Lu
Nov 29, 2016·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Mattia CattelanStefano Agnoli
Dec 18, 2013·Nature Materials·N LocatelliJ Grollier
Jun 29, 2018·Nanotechnology·Md Wazedur RahmanS Pramanik
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Jan 22, 2019·Advanced Materials·Simone BertolazziPaolo Samorì
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Aug 3, 2013·Nanoscale·Jie MengZhi-Min Liao
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Nov 11, 2020·Nature Communications·Maëlis Piquemal-BanciPierre Seneor
Oct 28, 2020·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·Nayana Devaraj, Kartick Tarafder

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