Grazing Away the Resilience of Patterned Ecosystems

The American Naturalist
Eric SieroMaarten B Eppinga

Abstract

Ecosystems' responses to changing environmental conditions can be modulated by spatial self-organization. A prominent example of this can be found in drylands, where formation of vegetation patterns attenuates the magnitude of degradation events in response to decreasing rainfall. In model studies, the pattern wavelength responds to changing conditions, which is reflected by a rather gradual decline in biomass in response to decreasing rainfall. Although these models are spatially explicit, they have adopted a mean-field approach to grazing. By taking into account spatial variability when modeling grazing, we find that (over)grazing can lead to a dramatic shift in biomass, so that degradation occurs at rainfall rates that would otherwise still maintain a relatively productive ecosystem. Moreover, grazing increases the resilience of degraded ecosystem states. Consequently, restoration of degraded ecosystems could benefit from the introduction of temporary small-scale exclosures to escape from the basin of attraction of degraded states.

Associated Datasets

Mar 13, 2019·Koen SiteurJohan Van De Koppel
Sep 28, 2018·Johan Van De KoppelMax Rietkerk

Citations

Sep 6, 2020·Journal of Mathematical Biology·Lukas Eigentler, Jonathan A Sherratt
Apr 24, 2019·Bulletin of Mathematical Biology·Lukas Eigentler, Jonathan A Sherratt
Nov 3, 2020·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Thilo GrossFanqi Zeng
Dec 22, 2019·Journal of Theoretical Biology·L Eigentler, J A Sherratt
Oct 16, 2021·Global Change Biology·Joshua E BuxtonTimothy M Lenton

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