Green odor attenuates a cold pressor test-induced cardiovascular response in healthy adults

BioPsychoSocial Medicine
Takakazu OkaAkikazu Hatanaka

Abstract

Green odor, a mixture of equal amounts of 2E-hexenal (leaf aldehyde) and 3Z-hexenol (leaf alcohol) has been demonstrated to have an anti-stress effect in rats. This study investigated whether or not green odor also has an anti-stress effect in humans. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and the skin temperature of a fingertip were observed after presenting green odor at a concentration of 0.03% or vehicle via inhalation through the nose for 10 min to eight healthy normotensive adults. We also assessed the pleasantness of green odor and its effect on mood states via assessment with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Cardiovascular response to green odor and the vehicle were compared among 11 additional healthy adults by use of the cold pressor test. Of 19 subjects, 15 (79%) reported that the green odor was pleasant. Green odor had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, or POMS score under non-stressful conditions. In the second experiment, green odor attenuated cold pressor test-induced increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and facilitated the recovery of skin temperature. These findings suggest that green odor has an anti-stress effect in healthy humans.

References

May 29, 2000·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·G BushM I Posner
Mar 19, 2002·Physiology & Behavior·Hitomi AkutsuYuji Mori
Jul 10, 2002·Neuroscience Research·Kazuyoshi OtakeYasuhisa Nakamura
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Jan 27, 2004·Physiology & Behavior·Toshihiro NakashimaToshikazu Kiyohara
May 22, 2007·BioPsychoSocial Medicine·Takakazu Oka, Kae Oka

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Citations

Mar 15, 2013·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Yoshiaki SugawaraMiki Hirano
Dec 1, 2010·European Journal of Pharmacology·Hironari KakoHidehiko Yokogoshi
Feb 1, 2015·Journal of Physiological Anthropology·Alan C LoganVicent Balanzá-Martínez
Jan 1, 2009·Sensors·Yoshiaki SugawaraIchiro Kitayama
Jul 1, 2010·Fiziologiia cheloveka·N B PankovaM Iu Karganov
Oct 16, 2020·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Barry Halliwell

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