PMID: 8600477Nov 1, 1995Paper

Grief and depression after miscarriage: their separation, antecedents, and course

Psychosomatic Medicine
M BeutelH Weiner

Abstract

Bereavement is a major risk factor for physical illness, grief, depression, and anxiety. In contrast to recent tendencies in the psychiatric literature to equate grief and depression, we propose that a careful discrimination between the two must be made for diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative purposes. We report the results of a longitudinal study of a frequent but neglected event, miscarriage early in pregnancy, to make this point. Clinical criteria for differentiating grief and depressive reactions were developed based on phenomenological criteria and theoretical considerations. We hypothesized that the detrimental psychological and physical consequences occur only when the miscarriage was not mourned and resulted in a depressive reaction, but not in a grief reaction. In a controlled, representative study, 125 consecutive women were assessed shortly after their miscarriage (before the 20th week of gestation) and 6 months (N = 94) and 12 months (N = 90) later. Assessments included standardized questionnaires for life events, depression, physical complaints, anxiety, and a specific, multidimensional grief scale (Munich Grief Scale) that we had developed previously. Immediately after the miscarriage, the average anxiety a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 5, 2011·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·Emma Robertson BlackmoreThomas G O'Connor
Jul 16, 2005·Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN·Tonja R NanselJun Zhang
Oct 18, 2005·Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN·Marianne H Hutti
Apr 15, 2010·Psychology, Health & Medicine·Ingrid Rowlands, Christina Lee
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Mar 25, 2004·Psychosomatic Medicine·Anne Nordal BroenOivind Ekeberg
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