Groundwater quality in open-defecation-free villages (NIRMAL grams) of Kurukshetra district, Haryana, India

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Anjali Malan, Hardeep Rai Sharma

Abstract

Groundwater is an indispensable natural resource for drinking water, generally in rural areas due to unavailability of treated water. The study was designed to investigate the groundwater quality in nine open-defecation-free (ODF) villages (Nirmal Grams) of Kurukshetra district, Haryana, India. For the research, 81 groundwater samples were collected from different borewells of Nirmal Grams during pre-monsoon (PRM), monsoon (MON), and post-monsoon (POM) seasons and were analyzed for 13 water quality parameters, i.e., pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, F-, SO42-, and PO42-, using standard methods. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated from the analyzed parameters and the results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2012) in order to have an overview of the groundwater quality. The concentration of major anions and cations was found to be in the order of HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > F- > PO42- and Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ > Mg2+, respectively. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for statistical analysis, Aquachem 2014 software (trial version) was used for Piper diagram, Box-Whisker plot, Schoeller, and Gibbs diagram, whereas WQI was ...Continue Reading

References

Dec 25, 2003·Journal of Hazardous Materials· MeenakshiAnju Malik
Mar 21, 2006·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Khaiwal Ravindra, Vinod K Garg
Jul 11, 2006·The Science of the Total Environment·Suman MorA Chandra
Jul 29, 2006·Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine·Valentin Fuster
Dec 4, 1970·Science·R J Gibbs
Mar 19, 2009·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Mohesn SaeediHamed Meraji
Jan 22, 2010·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·M VasanthavigarS Vasudevan
Mar 12, 2010·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Nandimandalam Janardhana RajuPrahlad Ram
Feb 1, 2011·The World Allergy Organization Journal·F Estelle R SimonsUNKNOWN World Allergy Organization
Jun 1, 1985·The Journal of Primary Prevention·M Levine

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 25, 2020·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Johnbosco C EgbueriDaniel A Ayejoto

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.