Group Differences in Regression Intercepts: Implications for Factorial Invariance

Multivariate Behavioral Research
Roger E Millsap

Abstract

Studies of differential prediction typically examine group differences in linear regression slopes or intercepts for predicting criterion scores from one or more test scores. When there are no group differences in slopes, what are the implications of differences in regression intercepts for the measurement equivalence of the tests or criterion across groups? Measurement equivalence is here defined as factorial invariance under a single-factor model for the tests and criterion. Two theorems are given that describe conditions under which intercept differences can exist under factorial invariance. In such cases, intercept differences do not result from measurement bias in either the tests or criterion. The conditions of the theorems are testable using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. These test procedures are illustrated in real data. The implications of the theorems and the test procedures for studies of differential prediction are discussed.

References

Mar 1, 1990·Psychological Bulletin·P M Bentler
Jan 1, 1952·Annual Review of Psychology·L G HUMPHREYS
Jul 1, 1991·Multivariate Behavioral Research·R E Millsap, H Everson
Oct 1, 1995·Multivariate Behavioral Research·R E Millsap

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Citations

Jan 1, 2013·Multivariate Behavioral Research·Margarita Olivera-Aguilar, Roger E Millsap
Feb 26, 2010·Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology·Sabrina T WongEliseo J Pérez-Stable
Jan 3, 2016·Asian Nursing Research·Hyunsook ShinHyojin Kim
Mar 9, 2018·Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology·Elaine JeffordColin R Martin
Sep 2, 2018·Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research·Nisha C GottfredsonSusan T Ennett

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