Growth hormone, exercise, and athletic performance: a continued evolution of complexity

Current Sports Medicine Reports
William J KraemerBradley C Nindl

Abstract

Growth hormone (hGH) presents pleiotropic effects in many tissues encompassing a diverse range of physiological actions. Its complexity as a family of hormones with different isoforms and different somatotroph molecular functions continues to challenge the status quo of our understanding of its release, function, and signaling. Owing to the fact that the majority of the literature has viewed hGH from the perspective of the primary 22 kD monomer, further investigation is needed as to the influence and biological activity of other aggregate and splice variant isoforms that are released into circulation. Its role over the life span and with supplementation yields equivocal results with more study needed. Testing for the use of hGH has progressed, and the first positive test was recently documented. Understanding of pituitary function and physiology will remain complex until the use of a broader range of analytical techniques, including assays, becomes mainstream.

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Citations

Jul 13, 2011·European Journal of Applied Physiology·E Todd SchroederFred R Sattler
Oct 17, 2013·PloS One·Cameron J MitchellStuart M Phillips
Sep 15, 2012·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Jenna M ApicellaCarl M Maresh
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Oct 16, 2015·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Estevão ScudeseHumberto Miranda
Sep 18, 2017·Sports Medicine·William J KraemerTerry C Todd
Dec 14, 2018·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Ding ZouJan Hedner
Jul 7, 2018·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Humberto MirandaJeffrey M Willardson
Nov 23, 2011·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Daniel W D West, Stuart M Phillips
Jul 3, 2013·Sports Medicine·Gwendolyn A ThomasJeff S Volek
Nov 20, 2016·Journal of Applied Physiology·William J KraemerBradley C Nindl
Jul 26, 2019·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Maren S FragalaEric D Ryan
Feb 18, 2011·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Bent R RønnestadTruls Raastad
Mar 15, 2011·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Yoshitaka InagakiNaokata Ishii
Jun 4, 2011·Journal of Applied Physiology·Gwendolyn A ThomasWesley C Hymer
Dec 31, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Uta FerrariMichael Drey

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