Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intake: do athletes achieve them?

Sports Medicine
L M BurkeB Desbrow

Abstract

Official dietary guidelines for athletes are unanimous in their recommendation of high carbohydrate (CHO) intakes in routine or training diets. These guidelines have been criticised on the basis of a lack of scientific support for superior training adaptations and performance, and the apparent failure of successful athletes to achieve such dietary practices. Part of the problem rests with the expression of CHO intake guidelines in terms of percentage of dietary energy. It is preferable to provide recommendations for routine CHO intake in grams (relative to the body mass of the athlete) and allow flexibility for the athlete to meet these targets within the context of their energy needs and other dietary goals. CHO intake ranges of 5 to 7 g/kg/day for general training needs and 7 to 10 g/kg/day for the increased needs of endurance athletes are suggested. The limitations of dietary survey techniques should be recognised when assessing the adequacy of the dietary practices of athletes. In particular, the errors caused by under-reporting or undereating during the period of the dietary survey must be taken into account. A review of the current dietary survey literature of athletes shows that a typical male athlete achieves CHO intake...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1977·Nutrition and Metabolism·A J van Es
Dec 1, 1992·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·M FogelholmJ J Himberg
Dec 1, 1992·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·J D RobertsonR J Davidson
Dec 1, 1992·Appetite·J FrickerM Apfelbaum
Jan 1, 1992·Journal of Applied Physiology·J H WilmoreK M Wilmore
Jan 1, 1992·International Journal of Sports Medicine·S I Barr, D L Costill
Feb 1, 1992·International Journal of Sports Medicine·J BangsboF Thorsøe
Jul 1, 1992·Sports Medicine·J A HawleyT D Noakes
Sep 1, 1991·Journal of Applied Physiology·D A WrightA R Dernbach
Sep 1, 1991·British Journal of Sports Medicine·J A Hawley, M M Williams
Mar 1, 1991·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·W M Sherman, G S Wimer
Dec 1, 1991·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·L M BurkeR S Read
Dec 1, 1991·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·J Nutter
Sep 1, 1991·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·J R BerningN Daniels
Apr 1, 1991·Journal of Applied Physiology·J C SimonsenR Strauss
Oct 1, 1990·Nutrition Reviews·D A Schoeller
Aug 1, 1990·International Journal of Sports Medicine·J E BensonH Howald
Aug 1, 1990·International Journal of Sports Medicine·F CouzyC Y Guezennec
Oct 1, 1990·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·W L RisserV Schneider
Dec 1, 1990·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·D R LambJ T Snook
Apr 1, 1990·International Journal of Sports Medicine·M FaberA Daubitzer
Mar 17, 1990·BMJ : British Medical Journal·M B LivingstoneR G Whitehead
May 1, 1989·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J D ChenX Y Hou
Sep 1, 1989·Preventive Medicine·G Block
Dec 1, 1989·International Journal of Sports Medicine·E M Haymes, D M Spillman
Aug 1, 1989·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·J C GuillandJ Klepping
Oct 1, 1989·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·W M ShermanA Dernbach
Apr 1, 1989·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·S M KleinerK M Fielder
May 1, 1989·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·G P RontoyannisK N Pavlou
May 1, 1989·International Journal of Sports Medicine·A M van Erp-BaartJ W Elvers
Feb 1, 1989·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·J E BilaninE Russek-Cohen
Dec 1, 1986·Journal of Applied Physiology·K R WesterterpF ten Hoor
Nov 1, 1988·Journal of Applied Physiology·J L IvyM J Reed
Dec 1, 1988·Journal of Applied Physiology·J P KirwanJ D Beltz
Feb 1, 1988·International Journal of Sports Medicine·D L Costill
Jan 1, 1988·Journal of Applied Physiology·M A TarnopolskyS A Atkinson
Jun 1, 1988·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D L CostillS H Park
Mar 1, 1987·Journal of Applied Physiology·P D NeuferJ Houmard
Dec 1, 1986·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·P A DeusterE B Schoomaker
Mar 1, 1985·British Journal of Sports Medicine·A JohnsonM O'Brien
Jan 1, 1971·World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics·J W Marr

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 12, 2007·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Yoav MeckelAlon Eliakim
May 14, 2003·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry·Jason M R Gill, Adrianne E Hardman
Oct 31, 2012·The British Journal of Nutrition·Stuart M Phillips
Feb 21, 2004·Journal of Sports Sciences·Anne B Loucks
Feb 20, 2004·Journal of Sports Sciences·Louise M BurkeJohn L Ivy
Jun 13, 2006·Journal of Sports Sciences·Louise M BurkeNick Broad
Jun 13, 2006·Journal of Sports Sciences·Christine A RosenbloomBjorn Ekblom
Jul 7, 2007·Journal of Sports Sciences·Elisabetta BernardiMarco Bernardi
Dec 6, 2007·Journal of Sports Sciences·Trent StellingwerffUNKNOWN International Association of Athletics Federations
Dec 6, 2007·Journal of Sports Sciences·Melinda M ManoreUNKNOWN International Association of Athletics Federations
Nov 19, 2010·Journal of Sports Sciences·Dirk AerenhoutsPeter Clarys
Jun 11, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·Gary Slater, Stuart M Phillips
Jul 29, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·Trent StellingwerffLouise M Burke
Aug 13, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·Francis E Holway, Lawrence L Spriet
Dec 16, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·Christiano Robles Rodrigues AlvesBruno Gualano
Jan 12, 2013·Journal of American College Health : J of ACH·Lenka H ShriverGena Wollenberg
Nov 13, 2008·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·Mark A Tarnopolsky
Sep 11, 2009·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·Victor LunRaylene A Reimer
Jul 21, 2006·British Journal of Sports Medicine·J S VolekW J Kraemer
Apr 25, 2006·British Journal of Sports Medicine·M S Kovacs
Dec 23, 2006·British Journal of Sports Medicine·A B Loucks
Aug 19, 2007·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Ronald J Maughan, Susan M Shirreffs
Jul 5, 2007·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Monica Klungland Torstveit
May 30, 2013·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Lee M MargolisJohn W Castellani
Jan 11, 2007·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Stuart M Phillips
Feb 4, 2012·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Geórgia Franco BeckerAlvaro Reischak-Oliveira
Mar 3, 2012·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Eduardo Iglesias-GutiérrezPablo Miguel García-Rovés
Mar 1, 2012·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Clemens DrenowatzJames M Pivarnik
Mar 19, 2002·Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée·L M Burke
Oct 24, 2013·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Rodrigo Vitasovic GomesMarcelo Saldanha Aoki
Oct 14, 2011·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Kazem Ghloum, Salman Hajji
Sep 15, 2010·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Sonia MartínezAntoni Aguiló
Jun 29, 2001·Sports Medicine·L M Burke
Feb 1, 2006·Sports Medicine·Antonia Baum
Dec 22, 2009·Sports Medicine·John O'ReillyYajun Chen
Jan 19, 2012·Nutrients·Dirk AerenhoutsPeter Clarys
Oct 4, 2008·Journal of Athletic Training·Sandra SchröderFrank Döring
Feb 21, 2014·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Stacie L Wing-GaiaE Wayne Askew
Mar 13, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Margo MountjoyArne Ljungqvist
May 5, 2006·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Nancy I Williams, Mary Jane De Souza
Jan 6, 2010·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Murray AdamsAndrew Williams
Jul 16, 2009·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·N J RehrerB F Miller
May 14, 2016·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Geneviève Masson, Benoît Lamarche
Mar 2, 2010·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Laurence GentonClaude Pichard
Nov 11, 2015·Sports Medicine·John A Hawley, Jill J Leckey
Dec 25, 2007·Appetite·Eduardo Iglesias-GutiérrezAngeles M Patterson
Mar 15, 2006·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·S E Tomten, A T Høstmark

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Sports Sciences
L M BurkeJohn L Ivy
Journal of Sports Sciences
Fátima RuizJavier Gil
Journal of Sports Sciences
Kevin D Tipton, Robert R Wolfe
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved