Guidelines for the management of extravasation.

Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions
Jung Tae KimYoung Ju Cheon

Abstract

The purpose of these practice guidelines is to offer and share strategies for preventing extravasation and measures for handling drugs known to cause tissue necrosis, which may occur even with the most skilled experts at intravenous (IV) injection. Herein, general knowledge about extravasation is first described, including its definition, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and extravasation injuries. Management of extravasation includes nursing intervention and thermal application. At the first sign of extravasation, nursing intervention with following steps is recommended: stop administration of IV fluids immediately, disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, aspirate any remaining drug from the cannula, administer drug-specific antidote, and notify the physician. Local thermal treatments are used to decrease the site reaction and absorption of the infiltrate. Local cooling (ice packs) aids in vasoconstriction, theoretically limiting the drug dispersion. Although clear benefit has not been demonstrated with thermal applications, it remains a standard supportive care. The recommended application schedule for both warm and cold applications is 15 to 20 minutes, every 4 hours, for 24 to 48 hours. For preve...Continue Reading

References

Dec 7, 2006·Oncology Nursing Forum·Carmel SauerlandDominick Corbi
May 19, 2010·Current Oncology Reports·Seppo W Langer
Jan 11, 2013·European Journal of Oncology Nursing : the Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society·J A Pérez FidalgoUNKNOWN ESMO Guidelines Working Group
Jan 15, 2014·Pharmacotherapy·Paul M ReynoldsTyree H Kiser
Apr 10, 2014·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·Ann Le, Samit Patel

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Citations

Apr 29, 2021·Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology·Jakob NedomanskyRobert M Mader
Jul 1, 2021·Revista latino-americana de enfermagem·Luciano Marques Dos SantosAriane Ferreira Machado Avelar
Jul 2, 2021·Journal of Infusion Nursing : the Official Publication of the Infusion Nurses Society·Genieveve J ClineErnest K Amankwah
Oct 1, 2021·The Journal of Vascular Access·Selma AtaySevda Efil

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
thermal treatments

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