H2S, a new neuromodulator

Médecine sciences : M/S
Pierre Kamoun

Abstract

The formation of H2S from cyst(e)ine is catalyzed by three enzymes, cystathionine beta synthase, cystathionase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. In the liver, kidney, enterocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, H2S is principally synthesized by cystathionase. In contrast, it is synthesized by cystathionine beta synthase in the brain and partially by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in cardiac tissue. H2S is catabolized, essentially in mitochondria by thiosulfate reductase. The sulfite generated is then oxidized to sulfate by sulfite oxidase. The amount of thiosulfate excreted in the urine is the best indicator of H2S biosynthesis, together with sulfhemoglobin determination in erythrocytes. H2S acts as a neuromodulator in the brain, increasing responses mediated by NMDA receptors, facilitating the induction of long-term potentialization in the hippocampus. H2S also acts as a vasodilator, acting directly on ATP-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. The concentration of H2S is abnormally low in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer's disease, due to changes in the concentration of the physiological activator of cystathionine beta synthase. The overproduction of H2S described in subjects with ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 15, 2016·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Sandesh PanthiNa Young Jeong
Jun 23, 2009·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Philippe HaouziBernard Bihain
Nov 21, 2008·Neurogastroenterology and Motility : the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society·D GallegoM J Beyak
Apr 7, 2006·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Yang CaoMadhav Bhatia
Jun 16, 2007·Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry·Ute MünchbergClaus Jacob
Jun 15, 2017·Médecine sciences : M/S·Dominique Padovani

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