Abstract
The selection pressure acting along the entire genome sequence of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from several bird species and humans infected in the 1997 and 2004 outbreaks, and on the HA1 genes from H5N1 viruses isolated during the entire study period, in eastern Asia was evaluated. According to maximum-likelihood analysis, viral genes appeared to be, in both epidemics, under strong purifying selection, with only the PB2, HA and NS1 genes under positive selection. Specific codons under positive selection were detected by using codon-based substitution models. Positive-selection analysis performed on single-codon sites might be helpful in clarifying the driving force of avian and human influenza virus evolution and in selecting specific targets for vaccines and antiviral drugs.
References
Jan 1, 1985·Journal of Molecular Evolution·M HasegawaT Yano
Jan 1, 1981·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M Kimura
Jan 1, 1981·Journal of Molecular Evolution·J Felsenstein
Dec 1, 1980·Journal of Molecular Evolution·M Kimura
Nov 21, 1997·Computer Applications in the Biosciences : CABIOS·Z Yang
Mar 3, 1998·Lancet·E C ClaasR G Webster
Apr 16, 1998·Genetics·R Nielsen, Z Yang
Jan 27, 1999·Bioinformatics·D Posada, K A Crandall
May 3, 2000·Genetics·Z YangA M Pedersen
Oct 24, 2000·Journal of Virology·J M KatzK Subbarao
Jul 27, 2001·Molecular Biology and Evolution·M AnisimovaZ Yang
May 29, 2002·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Maria AnisimovaZiheng Yang
Jun 22, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Y GuanK F Shortridge
Aug 27, 2002·Nature Medicine·Sang Heui SeoRobert G Webster
Sep 19, 2002·The Journal of General Virology·Nikolai V KaverinRobert G Webster
Mar 17, 2004·Virus Research·N A IlyushinaN V Bovin
Jul 9, 2004·Nature·K S LiJ S M Peiris
Jul 16, 2004·Journal of Virology·Chang-Won LeeDavid L Suarez
Dec 4, 2004·Nature Medicine·Richard WebbyRobert Webster
Jan 26, 2005·The New England Journal of Medicine·Kumnuan UngchusakSupamit Chunsutthiwat
Mar 9, 2005·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Nguyen Thanh LiemUNKNOWN World Health Organization International Avian Influenza Investigation Team, Vietnam
Mar 23, 2005·Virology·Alexandra GambaryanNicolai Bovin
Citations
Dec 22, 2011·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Niv SabathDan Graur
Mar 27, 2013·Genetica·Ramaiah Arunachalam
Jan 16, 2014·Indian Journal of Virology : an Official Organ of Indian Virological Society·Chutamas ThepmaleeDonruedee Sanguansermsri
Jul 2, 2010·Animal Health Research Reviews·Heather L Forrest, Robert G Webster
Jul 24, 2012·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Niv SabathDavid Karlin
Dec 23, 2008·PloS One·Niv SabathDan Graur
Dec 3, 2014·Genomics·Ramaiah Arunachalam
Nov 8, 2008·Science in China. Series C, Life Sciences·Weifeng ShiChaodong Zhu
May 6, 2008·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Walter M BoyceCarol Cardona
Sep 11, 2007·Gene·Angelo Pavesi
Jul 14, 2009·Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics·Venkata R S K DuvvuriJianhong Wu
Oct 17, 2006·Avian Diseases·Mary J Pantin-JackwoodPeter R Woolcock
May 15, 2007·Avian Diseases·Massimo CiccozziLaura Campitelli
Jul 5, 2006·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Yoshiyuki Suzuki
May 28, 2009·Science in China. Series C, Life Sciences·Di LiuGeorge Fu Gao
Jul 7, 2018·Journal of Veterinary Research·Edyta Świętoń, Krzysztof Śmietanka