Habitat deterioration promotes the evolution of direct development in metamorphosing species.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
Hanna Ten BrinkAndré M de Roos

Abstract

Although metamorphosis is widespread in the animal kingdom, several species have evolved life-cycle modifications to avoid complete metamorphosis. Some species, for example, many salamanders and newts, have deleted the adult stage via a process called paedomorphosis. Others, for example, some frog species and marine invertebrates, no longer have a distinct larval stage and reach maturation via direct development. Here we study which ecological conditions can lead to the loss of metamorphosis via the evolution of direct development. To do so, we use size-structured consumer-resource models in conjunction with the adaptive-dynamics approach. In case the larval habitat deteriorates, individuals will produce larger offspring and in concert accelerate metamorphosis. Although this leads to the evolutionary transition from metamorphosis to direct development when the adult habitat is highly favorable, the population will go extinct in case the adult habitat does not provide sufficient food to escape metamorphosis. With a phylogenetic approach we furthermore show that among amphibians the transition of metamorphosis to direct development is indeed, in line with model predictions, conditional on and preceded by the evolution of larger e...Continue Reading

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Apr 20, 2019·The American Naturalist·Hanna Ten BrinkUlf Dieckmann

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Citations

Dec 24, 2020·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Benjamin NaumannHendrik Müller

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Software Mentioned

R script
PSPManalyis
BAYESTRAITS
PSPManalysis
Dryad

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