Hair Analysis: Contamination versus Incorporation from the Circulatory System-Investigations on Single Hair Samples Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Analytical Chemistry
Robert ErneThomas Kraemer

Abstract

Contamination is a highly controversial issue in hair analysis. Therefore, hair testing protocols typically include wash steps to remove contamination. However, recent studies claim that washing could also lead to permanent incorporation of contaminants into hair, thus questioning the validity of hair testing at all. In the present study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) with longitudinal sectioning of single hairs and different decontamination protocols was used to reveal differences between the incorporation of a substance into hair from external sources and an incorporation via bloodstream. Single hairs were longitudinally sectioned using a custom-made sample holder. Data were acquired with MALDI-MS by rastering each hair individually. Single hair samples from drug users, blank hairs, and zolpidem- and zolpidem-D6-soaked hairs were investigated. Different published washing protocols were tested, and an in-house washing protocol was developed. For images with higher spatial resolution, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used. Longitudinal sectioning of hairs dramatically increased sensitivity; even single-dose administrations of zolpidem in single hairs could ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 17, 2020·Drug Testing and Analysis·Pascal KintzJean-Sébastien Raul
Oct 23, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Frank MusshoffThomas Franz
Aug 14, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Dylan MantinieksDimitri Gerostamoulos
Oct 2, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Robert ErneThomas Kraemer
Sep 5, 2020·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Elizabeth K NeumannJeffrey M Spraggins
Nov 24, 2021·Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·Manale NounImane Abbas

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