Hair analysis for Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A--new insights into the mechanism of drug incorporation of cannabinoids into hair

Forensic Science International : Synergy
Volker AuwärterWolfgang Weinmann

Abstract

Differentiation between external contamination and incorporation of drugs or their metabolites from inside the body via blood, sweat or sebum is a general issue in hair analysis and of high concern when interpreting analytical results. In hair analysis for cannabinoids the most common target is Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), sometimes cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are determined additionally. After repeated external contamination by cannabis smoke these analytes are known to be found in hair even after performing multiple washing steps. A widely accepted strategy to unequivocally prove active cannabis consumption is the analysis of hair extracts for the oxidative metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH). Although the acidic nature of this metabolite suggests a lower rate of incorporation into the hair matrix compared to THC, it is not fully understood up to now why hair concentrations of THC-COOH are generally found to be much lower (mostly <10 pg/mg) than the corresponding THC concentrations. Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA A) is the preliminary end product of the THC biosynthesis in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC it is non-psychoactive and can be regarded as a 'precursor' of THC being largely decarbo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 10, 2014·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Lars AmbachWerner Bernhard
Jan 17, 2016·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Wilco F DuvivierMichel W F Nielen
Jul 28, 2012·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Melanie HutterMerja A Neukamm
Oct 25, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Frank SporkertMarkus R Baumgartner
Apr 17, 2013·Drug Testing and Analysis·Bjoern MoosmannVolker Auwärter
Apr 15, 2016·Drug Testing and Analysis·José RestolhoCarlos A M Afonso
Jan 12, 2013·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Laura MercoliniMaria Augusta Raggi
Jun 28, 2016·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Sonja HeinlFreidoon Erdmann
Apr 24, 2018·Medicine, Science, and the Law·Himanshu KhajuriaAshish Badiye
Aug 14, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Dylan MantinieksDimitri Gerostamoulos
Oct 23, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Frank MusshoffThomas Franz
Mar 4, 2020·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Christopher DaviesJoanne Morrissey
Nov 13, 2013·Drug Testing and Analysis·Natalia BattistaMauro Maccarrone
Oct 8, 2015·Scientific Reports·Bjoern MoosmannVolker Auwärter
Jul 5, 2018·Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology·Dylan MantinieksOlaf Drummer
May 3, 2011·Analytical Chemistry·T A BrettellJ R Almirall

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