Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata.

Experimental Dermatology
Marta BertoliniRalf Paus

Abstract

Anagen stage hair follicles (HFs) exhibit "immune privilege (IP)" from the level of the bulge downwards to the bulb. Both passive and active IP mechanisms protect HFs from physiologically undesired immune responses and limit immune surveillance. IP is relative, not absolute, and is primarily based on absent, or greatly reduced, intra-follicular antigen presentation via MHC class I and II molecules, along with prominent expression of "no danger" signals like CD200 and the creation of an immunoinhibitory signalling milieu generated by the secretory activities of HFs. Perifollicular mast cells, Tregs and other immunocytes may also contribute to HF IP maintenance in healthy human skin. Collapse of anagen hair bulb IP is an essential prerequisite for the development of alopecia areata (AA). In AA, lesional HFs are rapidly infiltrated by NKG2D + T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, while perifollicular mast cells acquire a profoundly pro-inflammatory phenotype and interact with autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Using animal models, significant functional evidence has accumulated that demonstrates the dominance of the immune system in AA pathogenesis. Purified CD8+T-cell and NK cell populations alone, which secrete fγ, suffice to induce th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 10, 2020·Journal of Dermatological Science·Jonathan A HardmanRalf Paus
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Reinhart SpeeckaertNanja van Geel
Jan 30, 2021·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·Rivka C StoneRalf Paus
Mar 12, 2021·Molecular Immunology·Yuan GaoZhi-Qi Hu
Jun 20, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·ZhiCao YueCheng-Ming Chuong
Jul 27, 2021·Bulletin du cancer·Stanislas QuesadaFrédéric Fiteni
Jul 17, 2021·Experimental Dermatology·Kei HashimotoTatsumi Matsumoto
Aug 18, 2021·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Cheng ZhouJianzhong Zhang
Sep 7, 2021·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Susan L LimbuRalf Paus
Sep 7, 2021·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·E KyrmanidouE Lazaridou
Oct 6, 2021·International Reviews of Immunology·Natalija NovakBeatriz Cabanillas
Oct 26, 2020·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Symposium Proceedings·Ralf Paus

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