Harmonia axyridis ladybug invasion and allergy

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
David W Goetz

Abstract

Beginning in 1916 Harmonia axyridis, an orange/red lady beetle with variable black spotting, was imported into the United States from Asia. This agricultural pest-control predator established independent feral populations in North America by 1988. Subsequently, Harmonia axyridis has become a pest to homeowners and various horticultural enterprises. Seeking winter hibernation sites, ladybug swarms invade human homes/habitats primarily in the fall. With increased Harmonia axyridis exposures, human ladybug allergy was first reported in 1998. Ladybug-specific IgE hypersensitivity has been reported in all ages (1-78 years old) and both sexes. Clinical ladybug allergy manifests variously as rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, and angioedema. A majority, but not all, allergic individuals are primarily exposed at home. Large fall swarms and smaller spring dispersions produce corresponding peaks in ladybug allergy. Ladybug hemolymph is a primary source of allergen. Har a 1 and Har a 2 major ladybug allergens have been characterized. Ladybug allergy prevalence in one endemic area was reported as 10%. Self-report of ladybug pests at home did not predict ladybug allergy, suggesting other exposures are important also. Some individuals h...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 26, 2009·Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·Matthew T ClarkWilliam Dolen
Oct 6, 2015·Ecological Entomology·Helen E Roy, Peter M J Brown
Jun 10, 2009·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·David W Goetz
Nov 26, 2019·Journal of Insect Science·Lukáš Fiedler, Oldřich Nedvěd
Aug 28, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Darija LemicHugo A Benítez
Jul 2, 2009·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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