Has the transition to agriculture reshaped the demographic structure of prehistoric populations? New evidence from the Levant

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Vered EshedIsrael Hershkovitz

Abstract

This paper presents the demographic changes that followed the transition from a hunting-gathering way of life (Natufian) to an agricultural, food-producing economy (Neolithic) in the southern Levant. The study is based on 217 Natufian (10,500-8,300 BC) skeletons and 262 Neolithic (8,300-5,500 BC) skeletons. Age and sex identification were carried out, and life tables were constructed. A five-parameter competing hazard model developed by Siler ([1979] Ecology 60:750-757) was used to smooth life-table data. No indication of increased mortality with the advent of agriculture was noted. On the contrary, both life expectancy at birth (24.6 vs. 25.5 years) and adults' mean age at death (31.2 vs. 32.1 years) increased slightly from the Natufian to the Neolithic period (assuming stationary populations). Yet the transition to agriculture affected males and females differently: mean age at death in the Natufian was higher for adult females compared to adult males, while in the Neolithic, it was the reverse. One interpretation given to the distribution of female ages at death is that with the onset of the Neolithic period, maternal mortality increased as a result of a concomitant increase in fertility. If the adoption of agriculture in th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 19, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Daniella E Bar-Yosef Mayer, Naomi Porat
Dec 25, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·H Jabran ZahidRobert L Kelly
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Jul 17, 2007·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Tomohito Nagaoka, Kazuaki Hirata
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Jun 22, 2010·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Vered EshedIsrael Hershkovitz
Dec 15, 2005·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Vered EshedIsrael Hershkovitz
Jul 2, 2019·International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR·Adrian C Williams, Lisa J Hill
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