Hazards of bacterial contamination of blood products

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
T Gottlieb

Abstract

Post-transfusion bacterial sepsis is infrequent. It is, however, associated with a high mortality due to septic shock. This reflects the release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria. Lesser transfusion reactions are usually under-reported. These are frequently caused by gram positive bacteria. Gram positive species such as staphylococci and other skin surface organisms may be cultured from platelets stored at room temperature. Typically, gram negative "psychrophyllic" species which survive storage at 4 degrees C are cultured from stored refrigerated blood implicated in transfusion reactions. These include Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. Bacterial contamination of the blood supply can occur via an endogenous or an exogenous source. Endogenous donor bacteraemia due to Y.enterocolitica may be asymptomatic or may follow an episode of gastroenteritis. Exogenous infections occur through some defect in the usual collection practice. Transfusion-acquired syphilis is now extremely uncommon. In the third world, beside the need for effective screening for viral pathogens, infections with protozoa, in particular plasmodia, trypanosoma and leishmania remain a major obstacle to ensuring safe blood supplies. Preventi...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1992·Journal of Clinical Pathology·A PuckettJ A Barbara
Jan 1, 1991·Transfusion Medicine Reviews·M Goldman, M A Blajchman
Mar 1, 1990·Transfusion·R C Aber
Nov 15, 1989·Annals of Internal Medicine·L V Kirchhoff
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Jan 1, 1987·Transfusion·J M HealR L Stricof
Sep 1, 1982·Transfusion·M A Stenhouse, L V Milner

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Citations

Feb 1, 1993·Anaesthesia and Intensive Care·M D Nicholls
Apr 5, 2008·Canadian Journal of Microbiology·A ChapalainM G J Feuilloley
Jun 1, 1995·Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey·J T SantosoD S Miller
Apr 18, 2003·Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·A CorneliusM Weiss
Dec 20, 2005·Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey·Joseph T SantosoKen Grosshart
Mar 1, 1993·The Medical Journal of Australia·M D Nicholls
Jul 1, 1994·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·S J WagnerR Y Dodd

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