Health care in a homophobic climate: the SPEND model for providing sexual health services to men who have sex with men where their health and human rights are compromised

Global Health Action
Michael W RossSheryl A McCurdy

Abstract

We present a model for developing health services for men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa and other places where MSM are heavily stigmatized and marginalized. The processes of the SPEND model include Safe treatment for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and HIV; Pharmacy sites for treatment of STIs in countries where pharmacies and drug stores are the source of medical advice and treatment; Education in sexual health issues for health professionals to reduce discrimination against MSM patients; Navigation for patients who have HIV and are rejected or discriminated against for treatment; and Discrimination reduction through educating potential leaders in tertiary education in issues of human sexuality. Supporting empirical evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies is summarized, and barriers to implementation are discussed. Health care for MSM is one of the casualties of anti-homosexual social and legal climates. There is no amnesty for MSM in health care settings, where the stigma and discrimination that they face in the rest of society is replicated. Such conditions, however, make it necessary to consider ways of providing access to health care for MSM, especially where rates of HIV and STIs in...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 12, 2019·Archives of public health = Archives belges de santé publique·Didier K EkoueviClaver A Dagnra
Sep 26, 2019·Scientific Reports·Letícia de Castro Martins FerreiraMarilia Sá Carvalho
Feb 7, 2021·Systematic Reviews·Delarise M MulqueenyManduleli H Pokiya
Jun 12, 2021·The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC·Valerie YelvertonGary W Harper

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