Heat-producing organ of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius): A modified eye muscle

Journal of Morphology
G De MetrioG Palmieri

Abstract

In swordfish (Xiphias gladius), the dorsal rectus muscle of the eye (M. rectus dorsalis) is partly differentiated for heat production similar to brown adipocytes. Other parts of the dorsal rectus show a typical muscular structure. This modified muscle and its anatomical relationships to neighboring organs were investigated using macroscopic dissections, light and transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. The ophthalmic artery off the efferent pseudobranchial artery supplies the dorsal rectus muscle. The ophthalmic artery branches in a brush-like manner as it enters the origin of the muscle. In this region, numerous arterioles and venules are arranged in parallel, suggesting a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism. Thermogenic cells, morphologically similar to brown adipocytes, surround small vascular branches in the middle of the muscle. Muscular cells also extend into this area. The vessels then divide into a tree-like pattern, forming an extensively capillarized area near the surface of the muscle at the basisphenoid bone. The basisphenoid is reduced to a thin connective tissue layer in this area, hence facilitating thermal transfer ...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jul 8, 2016·The Journal of Experimental Biology·John J VidelerBen G Szabo
Feb 6, 2021·Scientific Reports·Fatemeh RajaiiSeth Blackshaw

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