Heavy water inhibiting the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and the development of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in mice

Journal of Neurosurgery
Junko HattaHiroki Otani

Abstract

The authors investigated the effects of heavy water (D2O) on intrameningeal fibrosis and on the expression of cytokine production in mice with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Mice in which kaolin was injected into the cisterna magna were divided into two groups: 1) Group H, which had free access to H2O as tap water; and 2) Group D, which had free access to 30% D2O as tap water before and after kaolin injection. A distilled water-injected group, which had free access to H2O as tap water was designated the sham-operated group. The authors examined the effects of D2O within 28 days after injection on the development of hydrocephalus and intrameningeal fibrosis, as well as on the expression levels of several inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines: transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and interleukin (IL)-6. The cerebral ventricles were less expanded, and intrameningeal fibrosis was milder in Group D than in Group H. The proliferation of fibroblasts was assessed by applying the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, which was lower in Group D than in Group H. Expression of TGFbeta1 in the macrophages, choroid plexus, and meninges was inhibited in Group D bu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 29, 2013·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Hannah BotfieldAnn Logan
Aug 19, 2007·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Jonathan LautzeAndrew Spielman
Aug 25, 2017·Science Translational Medicine·Hannah F BotfieldAlexandra J Sinclair

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