Helper T-cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections

Immunology
Andrew J McDermott, Bruce Klein

Abstract

The mucosal surface of the respiratory tract encounters microbes, such as fungal particles, with every inhaled breath. When pathogenic fungi breach the physical barrier and innate immune system within the lung to establish an infection, adaptive immunity is engaged, often in the form of helper CD4 T-cell responses. Type 1 responses, characterized by interferon-γ production from CD4 cells, promote clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Likewise, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production from Th17 cells promotes immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides species infection by recruiting neutrophils. In contrast the development of T helper type 2 responses, characterized by IL-5 production from T cells and eosinophil influx into the lungs, drives allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and poor outcomes during C. neoformans infection. Experimental vaccines against several endemic mycoses, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus and Blastomyces dermatitidis, induce protective T-cell responses and foreshadow the development of vaccines against pulmonary fungal infections for use in humans. Additionally, recent work using antifungal T cells as immunotherapy to protect immun...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 27, 2019·Innate Immunity·Patrícia Kellen Martins Oliveira-BritoThiago Aparecido da Silva
May 3, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Althea CampuzanoChiung-Yu Hung
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Oct 12, 2020·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Fernando Cezar-Dos-SantosEiko Nakagawa Itano

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