Hemerythrin E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Negative Regulators of Iron Homeostasis in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science
Jorge Rodríguez-CelmaJanneke Balk

Abstract

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants, but at the same time its redox properties can make it a dangerous toxin inside living cells. Homeostasis between uptake, use and storage of Fe must be maintained at all times. A small family of unique hemerythrin E3 ubiquitin ligases found in green algae and plants play an important role in avoiding toxic Fe overload, acting as negative regulators of Fe homeostasis. Protein interaction data showed that they target specific transcription factors for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is thought that the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligases is controlled by Fe binding to the N-terminal hemerythrin motifs. Here, we discuss what we have learned so far from studies on the HRZ (Hemerythrin RING Zinc finger) proteins in rice, the homologous BTS (BRUTUS) and root-specific BTSL (BRUTUS-LIKE) in Arabidopsis. A mechanistic model is proposed to help focus future research questions towards a full understanding of the regulatory role of these proteins in Fe homeostasis in plants.

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Citations

Nov 13, 2019·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Noe Fernandez-PozoStefan A Rensing
Aug 1, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·John H HerlihyJohn M McDowell
Sep 26, 2019·Plant Molecular Biology·Takanori KobayashiNaoko K Nishizawa
Sep 11, 2020·Plant Molecular Biology·Takeshi SenouraNaoko K Nishizawa
Aug 16, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jorge Rodríguez-CelmaJanneke Balk
Apr 23, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Anna Wawrzyńska, Agnieszka Sirko
Nov 12, 2020·Journal of Experimental Botany·Marc HanikenneHatem Rouached
Nov 28, 2020·Journal of Experimental Botany·Fei Gao, Christian Dubos
Jan 16, 2021·Journal of Experimental Botany·Nabila Riaz, Mary Lou Guerinot
May 16, 2021·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Maria Luiza Caldas NogueiraVictor L Davidson
Sep 26, 2021·Molecular Plant·Meina GuoKeke Yi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR
ubiquitination
RNAseq
fluorescence microscopy
co-immunoprecipitation

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