Hemifacial spasm and other craniofacial movement disorders

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
V G Evidente, Charles H Adler

Abstract

Craniofacial dyskinesias encompass a variety of abnormal spontaneous craniofacial movements that often appear similar in morphology but are, in fact, of varied cause and nature. Although hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm are the two most common abnormal craniofacial movements, the clinician should be cognizant of other dyskinesias, particularly craniofacial dystonias, tremor, tic, chorea, and stereotypies. Most craniofacial dyskinesias respond favorably to injections of botulinum toxin type A or oral medications. Surgical treatment may be beneficial for refractory cases.

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Citations

Mar 27, 2004·Current Treatment Options in Neurology·Lawrence W. Kemp, Stephen G. Reich
Nov 19, 2014·TheScientificWorldJournal·Alex Y LuKetan R Bulsara
Jul 28, 2007·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Allen TowfighGholam K Motamedi
Dec 20, 2008·Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society·Doo-Sik Kong, Kwan Park
Jan 20, 2021·Indian Journal of Ophthalmology·Prabrisha BanerjeeBipasha Mukherjee
Mar 30, 2021·Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements·Virgilio Gerald H EvidenteRobin Garrett
Jul 27, 2021·Movement Disorders Clinical Practice·Virgilio Gerald H EvidenteFrancisco A Ponce

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