Hemoglobin increases mortality from bacterial endotoxin.

Infection and Immunity
D SuJ Levin

Abstract

Cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) is being developed as an erythrocyte substitute. We have previously demonstrated that cell-free Hb is an endotoxin-binding protein which disaggregates endotoxin and subsequently increases the biological activity of endotoxin in several in vitro assays. Because much of the morbidity and mortality associated with gram-negative bacterial infection is the result of pathophysiologic responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin), we studied the effect of Hb on LPS-mediated mortality. Hb infused intravenously into mice before, coincident with, or after intraperitoneal LPS injection substantially increased LPS-related mortality from <5% to 50 to 70% 24 h after administration of LPS and from 50% to 60 to 90% at 48 h. Enhanced mortality was observed over a range of doses of injected LPS. At a given LPS dose, enhancement of mortality was shown to be dependent on the dose of Hb administered. Unmodified native human Hb, alpha-alpha-cross-linked human Hb, and beta-beta-cross-linked human or bovine Hb all were shown to enhance LPS-mediated mortality. Depressed reticuloendothelial cell function may have contributed to the enhanced mortality from LPS in the presence of Hb. Therefore, Hb-based blood substit...Continue Reading

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