Hepatitis viruses, alcohol, and tobacco in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
S FranceschiR Talamini

Abstract

Mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are high in Italy compared with other Western countries. To elucidate further the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol drinking, and tobacco smoking in the etiology of HCC, we carried out a hospital-based case-control study in two areas of Italy: the province of Pordenone in the Northeast and the town of Naples in the South. A total of 229 HCC cases (median age, 66 years) and 431 controls (median age, 65 years) answered a questionnaire and provided blood samples between 1999 and 2002. Odds ratios (OR), percent attributable risks, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed using unconditional multiple logistic regression. ORs for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive versus HBsAg negative and for anti-HCV antibody positive versus anti-HCV antibody negative were 20.2 and 15.6, respectively. Positivity for both markers was associated with an OR of 51.6. Sensitive molecular techniques applied to sera in a subset of HCC cases disclosed a very small number of occult hepatites. Maximal lifetime alcohol intake of > or =35 versus <7 drinks/wk was associated with an HBV/HCV adjusted OR of 5.9. Tobacco smoking was unrelated to HCC risk over...Continue Reading

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