Hepatogenous Diabetes: An Underestimated Problem of Liver Cirrhosis

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Ramesh Kumar

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in cirrhotic patients is much higher than that in the general population. Two types of diabetes are usually seen in patients with cirrhosis: type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatogenous diabetes (HD). The HD is an acquired condition which is believed to be caused by impaired insulin clearance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. Increased levels of advanced glycation end products and hypoxia-inducible factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HD. Patients with HD typically present with normal fasting glucose, but abnormal response to an oral glucose tolerance test, which is required for the diagnosis. Because the level of glycated hemoglobin is often falsely low in patients with cirrhosis, it does not help in the early diagnosis of HD. HD is associated with an increased rate of complications of cirrhosis, decreased 5-year survival rate, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The major complications of cirrhosis associated with HD include hepatic encephalopathy (HE), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, sepsis, variceal hemorrhage, and renal dysfunction. Treatment of HD may be difficult as many antihyperglycemic therapies are associated with increased risk of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 24, 2019·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Xian-Xian YuanFeng-Ying Gong
Jan 16, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Laura I ComanMihai Ciocîrlan
Mar 18, 2021·Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie·Florian Gunnar ScurtChristos Chatzikyrkou
Mar 30, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Ramesh KumarUtpal Anand
Jul 3, 2021·Medical Sciences : Open Access Journal·Sanjay KalraPawan Rawal
Aug 11, 2021·BMC Gastroenterology·Tsung-Hsing HungHsing-Feng Lee
Aug 16, 2021·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Sonal SharmaDmitri Bezinover

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