Heptamethine Cyanine Dye Mediated Drug Delivery: Hype or Hope.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
Peter J ChoiJiney Jose

Abstract

This review covers the application of heptamethine cyanine dye (HMCD) mediated drug delivery. A relatively small number of HMCDs possess tumor targeting abilities, and this has spurred interest from research groups to explore them as drug delivery systems. Their tumor selectivity is primarily attributed to their uptake by certain isoforms of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) which are overexpressed in cancer tissues, although there are other possible mechanisms for the observed selectivity still under investigation. This specificity is confirmed using various cancer cell lines and is accompanied by moderate cytotoxicity. Their retention in tumor tissue is facilitated by the formation of albumin adducts as revealed by published mechanistic studies. HMCDs are also organelle selective dyes with specificity toward mitochondria and lysosomes, and with absorption and emission in the near-infrared region. This makes them valuable tools for biomedical imaging, especially in the field of fluorescence-guided tumor surgery. Furthermore, conjugating antitumor agents to HMCDs is providing novel drugs that await clinical testing. HMCD development as theranostic agents with dual tumor targeting and treatment capability signals a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 8, 2020·Bioactive Materials·Yang LiZhifei Dai
Apr 21, 2021·Accounts of Chemical Research·Syed Muhammad Usama, Kevin Burgess
Jun 12, 2021·Bioconjugate Chemistry·Dvir PoplingerLeonid Patsenker
Jul 23, 2021·Chemical Society Reviews·Syed Muhammad UsamaKevin Burgess
Feb 2, 2022·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Degnet Melese DerejeNadia Barbero

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