Hexavalent chromium induces oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in isolated skin fibroblasts of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin

Aquatic Toxicology
Xinjian YuYuping Wu

Abstract

The increasing gas emissions and industrial wastewater discharge of anthropogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) have been growing health concerns to the high trophic level marine mammals. Our previous studies showed that Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), stranded on the Pearl River Estuary region, contained exceedingly high levels of Cr in their skin-tissues. Unfortunately, the molecular toxic mechanisms on this mammal are absent, limiting our understanding of the eco-physiological impacts of Cr(VI) on dolphins. Thus, the cytotoxicity effects of Cr(VI) were analyzed on fibroblasts we isolated from the skin of S. chinensis (ScSF). This study showed that Cr(VI) markedly inhibited the viability of ScSF cells via induction of apoptosis accompanied by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and the population of G2/M arrest or apoptotic sub-G1 phase cells, up-regulation of p53, and activation of caspase-3. Further investigation on intracellular mechanisms indicated that Cr(VI) induced depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells through regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) proteins, resulting in decrease of the ATP level, cytochrome c release from mitoch...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 2, 2020·Biological Trace Element Research·Jelena SaviciFlorin Muselin
Feb 3, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Gabriel Núñez-NogueiraJuanita María Santos-Córdova
Apr 20, 2021·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Nitika PradhanPrasanta K Maiti
May 15, 2021·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Baoxiu ZhaoJie Liu
Jun 30, 2021·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Feizai HaTiancheng Wang

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